Education
2016
B.A. Physics
Middlebury College
Middlebury, VT
2023
M.S. Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of California - Davis
Davis, CA
2017-2024
Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of California - Davis
Davis, CA
Research and Work Experience
2021-present
Quantifying flow through Shasta Dam (Lake Shasta, CA)
Used boat-mounted and moored temperature and acoustic velocity measurements to quantify unexpected leakage into the Shasta Dam Temperature Control Device. Collaboration with Watercourse Engineering Inc. (Davis, CA). Field campagins in July and November, 2021, as well as May and August, 2024. Presented at 2023 Fall AGU meeting (H53E-08). Resulted in formal technical reports.
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2019-present
Mixing of ice shelf meltwater near a warm-cavity ice shelf (Amundsen Sea, Antarctica)
Used ship- and glider-based profiles of temperature, salinity, oxygen, current velocity, and microstructure turbulence to quantify heat transport near the ice shelf. Participated in RV Araon research voyage ANA10B (Dec. 2019-Feb. 2020) and remotely supported autonomous glider missions as part of RV Araon voyage ANA12C (Dec. 2021-Feb 2022). Collaboration with Korea Polar Research Institute. Presented at 2023 Fall AGU meeting (C21D-1271) and 2024 Ocean Sciences meeting (PL14A-2212). Manuscript in preparation for submission to Journal of Physical Oceanography.​​
2019-present
Convective mixing in a cold lake (Lake Superior, MN)
Examined turbulence signature of convective mixing cells in a lake colder than the temperature of maximum density using microstructure turbulence data collected via an autonomous underwater glider. Field campaign in June 2019. Collaboration with the University of Minnesota – Duluth. Presented at 2021 Fall AGU meeting (H55T-0961). Manuscript undergoing revisions for publication in Geophysical Research Letters.
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2017-Present
Seasonal variation of flow through an Arctic ice shelf (Ellesmere Island, Canada)
Characterized ocean and meltwater changes across a multiyear study via through-ice profiles, moorings, and remotely-operated vehicle deployments. Field campaigns in July 2017, 2018, and 2019. Collaboration with Carlton University (Ottawa, Canada). Presented at 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting (HE14B-2841), 2018 AGU meeting (PP43G-1998), 2019 AGU meeting (C14-A02), 2024 Ocean Sciences meeting (HE12A-06), and 2024 Fall AGU meeting (C11D-0487). Resulting in 2021 publication in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans (doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017324; coauthor). Additional manuscript under revisions for publication in Journal of Physical Oceanography.
2018-2024
Eddy-driven turbulence at a cold-cavity ice shelf (Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica)
Quantified turbulent heat transport driven by a sub-mesoscale eddy at an ice shelf edge using microstructure turbulence data collected via an autonomous underwater glider. RV Araon research voyage (ANA08B, Dec. 2018-Feb. 2019). Collaboration with Korea Polar Research Institute. Presented at 2020 Ocean Sciences Meeting (HE21B-05), 2021 Fall AGU meeting (C34A-05), and 2022 Ocean Sciences Meeting (HL01). Resulted in 2022 publication in Communications Earth and Environment (doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00460-3; first author); and 2024 publication in The Cryosphere (doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1105-2024; coauthor).
2016-2022
Parameterization of upper ocean mixing (Tasman Sea, Australia).
Empirically-derived scaling of energy dissipation rates near the ocean surface based on in situ microstructure turbulence data. RV Investigator research voyage (IN2016_V06, Nov. 2016). Collaboration with University of Queensland (Brisbane, Australia). Presented at 2017 Asia Ocean Geosciences Society meeting (OS03-A006). Resulted in 2022 Master's degree project.
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2016
Lab aide for CSHEL laboratory (College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware)
Assisted in lab work and oceanographic deployments. Organized the 2016 Autonomous Systems Bootcamp, an intensive workshop for robotic systems in marine and environmental science (July 2016).
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2015
Seafloor ripple dynamics (Assateague Island, MD)
Used using boat-mounted and autonomous underwater vehicle-mounted sonar systems to measure acoustic signature of wave- and current-formed seafloor ripples. Part of Research Experience for Undergraduates program at the University of Delaware. Presented at 2015 Geological Society of America Meeting (T127-39, T127-93).
2013-2014
Invasive Blue Catfish population dynamics (James River, VA)
Tagging, releasing, and recapturing Blue Catfish along the James River. Collaboration with the Virginia Institute of Marine Science. Resulted in 2017 publication in Estuary and Coasts (doi.org/10.1007/s12237-017-0307-1; not a coauthor).
Presentations
Bonneau, J., Mueller, D., Laval, B., Friedrichs, A.M., Rajewicz, J., Hamilton, A., and Forrest, A. (2024, December 9-13). Ice-Ocean Drag in the Milne Ice Shelf Basal Channel. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Washington, D.C., USA. C11D-0487. (Poster)
Friedrichs, A.M., Lee, W.S., Yun, S., Na, J., Wåhlin, A., Stevens, C.L., Sepúlveda Steiner, O., Larrieu, K., and Forrest, A. (2024, February 18-23). Contribution of double-diffusive convection to vertical heat flux across glacial meltwater layers in the coastal Amundsen Sea. Ocean Sciences Meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. PL14A-2212. (Poster)
Forrest, A.L., Bonneau, J., Mueller, D., Laval, B., Hamilton, A., Friedrichs, A.M., Crawford, A.J., Sepúlveda, O., and Antropova, Y. (2024, February 18-23). The Arctic in transition: the loss of Canada’s last epishelf lake. Ocean Sciences Meeting. New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. HE12A-06. (Oral)
Forrest, A.L., Friedrichs, A.M., Cortes, A., Berry, B., Schladow, G., Rypel, A., and Deas, M. (2023, December 11-15). Flow field characterization of a selective withdrawal envelope in a large reservoir. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. San Francisco, California, USA. (H53E-08 (Oral)
Hinson, J., Kersh, E., Sepúlveda Steiner, O., Friedrichs, A.M., Cortes, A., Forrest, A., and Petroski, D. (2023, December 11-15). Characterizing Flow Fields Imposed by a Dual Loop Diffuser in a Small and Strongly Stratified Lake. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. San Francisco, California, USA. H43H-2176. (Poster)
Friedrichs, A.M., Lee, W.S., Yun, S., Na, J.S., Wåhlin, A.K., Stevens, C.L., Sepúlveda Steiner, O., Larrieu, K., and Forrest, A.L. (2023, December 11-15). Summertime glacial meltwater transport near Dotson Ice Shelf. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. San Francisco, California, USA. C21D-1271 (Poster)
Friedrichs, A., McInerney, J., Oldroyd, H.J., Lee, W.S., Yun, S., Yoon, S.T., Stevens, C.L., Zappa, C.J., Dow, C.F., Mueller, D., Sepúlveda Steiner, O., and Forrest, A.L. (2022, February 24-March 4). Observations of submesoscale eddy-driven heat transport beneath the calving edge of a cold-water cavity ice shelf. Ocean Sciences Meeting. Online. HL01. (Poster)
Friedrichs, A.M., Forrest, A., McInerney, J., Oldroyd, H.J., Lee, W.S., Yoon, S.T., Stevens, C.L., Zappa, C.J., Dow, C.F., Mueller, D., and Sepúlveda Steiner, O. (2021, December 13-17). Submesoscale eddy-driven mixing and heat transport observed beneath the calving edge of the Nansen Ice Shelf. American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting. Online. C32A-05. (Oral)
Larrieu, K., Forrest, A.L., McInerney, J, Friedrichs, A., and Austin, J. (2021, December 13-17). Observations of radiatively driven convection plumes in a deep, unstratified, ice-free lake. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Online. H55T-0961. (Poster)
Friedrichs, A., McInerney, J., Oldroyd, H.J., Lee, W.S., Yoon, S.T., Stevens, C.L., Zappa, C.J., Dow, C.F., Mueller, D., Sepulveda Steiner, O., and Forrest, A. (2021, September 27-29). Autonomous underwater glider observations of eddy-driven transport at the edge of the Nansen Ice Shelf. KOPRI International Symposium on Polar Sciences. Online. (Poster)
McInerney, J., Friedrichs, A., Forrest., A., and Austin, J. (2020, June 9-11). Autonomous measurements of turbulence associated with radiatively-driven convection in Lake Superior. IAGLR Annual Conference on Great Lakes Research. Online. (Oral)
Friedrichs, A.M., McInerney, J., Forrest, A. (presenter), Goodrich, C., Levanchy, S.M., Stevens, C.L., Yoon, S.T., Yun, S., and Lee, W.S. (2020, February 16-21). Turbulence Signature of a Cold-Water Plume from below the Nansen Ice Shelf – an Autonomous Underwater Glider Survey. Ocean Sciences Meeting. San Diego, California, USA. HE21B-05. (Oral)
Friedrichs, A.M., Forrest, A., Oldroyd, H.J., Mueller, D., and Bonneau, J. (2019, December 9-13). Seasonal variation of flow through a basal channel within the Milne Ice Shelf, Canada. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. San Francisco, California, USA. C14-A02. (Oral)
Friedrichs, A.M., Forrest, A., Oldroyd, H.J., Hamilton, A., Mueller, D. (2018, December 10-14). Seasonal Variation of a Multi-Layer Exchange Flow in a Basal Channel Below the Milne Ice Shelf. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting. Washington D.C., USA. PP43G-1998 (Poster)
Friedrichs, A.M., Forrest, A., Oldroyd, H.J., Hamilton, A., and Mueller, D. (2018, February 11-16). Freshwater-Seawater and Heat Exchange in a Basal Channel Below the Milne Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, Canada. Ocean Sciences Meeting. Portland, Oregon, USA. HE14B-2841. (Oral)
Friedrichs, A., Cossu, R., Forrest, A.L., Spencer, D., and Perez, L. (2017, August 6-11). Surface Layer Structure and Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation across the East Australian Current. Asia Oceania Geosciences Society 14th Annual Meeting. Singapore, August 2017. OS03-006. (Oral)
Friedrichs, A., DuVal, C., and Trembanis, A. (2015, November 1-4). Observations of Ripple Variability Along the Assateague Island Inner Continental Shelf. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting. Baltimore, Maryland, USA. T1270-39-10. (Poster)
Trembanis, A., Miller, D., Kennedy, E., DuVal, C., Friedrichs, A., and Haulsee, K. (2015, November 1-4). Recent Geophysical and Morphodynamic Observations Along the Assateague Island Inner Continental Shelf in Relation to Superstorm Sandy. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting. Baltimore, Maryland, USA. T127-93-7. (Oral)
Publications and Reports
Friedrichs, D.M., McInerney, J.B., Oldroyd, H.J., Lee, W.S., Yun, S., Yoon, S.T., Stevens, C.L., Zappa, C., Dow, C.F., Mueller, D., Sepúlveda Steiner, O., and Forrest, A.L. (2022). Observations of submesoscale eddy-driven heat transport at an ice shelf calving front. Communications Earth & Environment, 3(1), 140. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00460-3
Dow, C.F., Mueller, D., Wray, P., Friedrichs, D., Forrest, A.L., McInerney, J., Greenbaum, J., Blankenship, D.D., Lee, C.K., and Lee, W.S (2024). The complex basal morphology and ice dynamics of Nansen Ice Shelf, East Antarctica. The Cryosphere, 18(3), 1105-1123. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-1105-2024
Bonneau, J., Laval, B.E., Mueller, D., Hamilton, A.K., Friedrichs, A.M., and Forrest, A.L. (2021). Winter dynamics in an epishelf lake: quantitative mixing estimates and ice shelf basal channel considerations. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126(9), e2021JC017324. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JC017324
Friedrichs, D.M., Lee, W.S., Yun, S., Na, J., Wåhlin, A.K., Stevens, C.L., Sepúlveda Steiner, O., Larrieu, K., and Forrest, A.L. Heat transport through two layers of Glacial Meltwater in the southeastern Amundsen Sea Polynya. In preparation for submission to Journal of Physical Oceanography.
Bonneau, J., Friedrichs, D.M., Rajewicz, J.S.T., Mueller, D., Laval, B.E., Forrest, A.L., Hamilton, A.K., Antropova, Y., and Sepúlveda Steiner, O. Momentum, Heat and Salt Budgets in an Ice Shelf Basal Channel. Undergoing revisions for Journal of Physical Oceanography.
Larrieu, K., Sepúlveda Steiner, O., Friedrichs, D., McInerney, J., Forrest, A., and Austin, J. Turbulence characteristics of ice-free radiatively driven convection in a deep, unstratified lake. Undergoing revisions for Geophysical Research Letters.